Unveiling the Intricate Relationship Between Glutamate and GLP-1: A Comprehensive Review


Glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) derived from gut enteroendocrine cells and a discrete population of neurons in the caudal medulla acts through humoral and neural pathways to regulate satiety, gastric motility and pancreatic endocrine function. These ...
Apr 15, 2024GLP-1exerts neurostimulatory and neuromodulatory effects, regulating the release of several neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, andglutamate, which mediate (in part) important neurophysiological mechanisms linked to depression-related behaviors and those associated with other psychiatric disorders (54).
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is mainly secreted by preproglucagon neurons; it plays important roles in modulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission through its receptors.
Oct 1, 2024The caveat for exogenousGLP-1to function as an appetite suppressant is the requirement of a supraphysiological dose with exponentially greater folds in concentration and duration compared to endogenousGLP-1(Figure1). Functioning as an incretin hormone,GLP-1plays a key role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis by increasing postprandial insulin secretion and reducing glucagon ...
Sep 1, 2025GLP-1receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), initially approved for diabetes and obesity, are now under investigation for neuroprotective effects in a range of neurological disorders. These agents, whose receptors are widely expressed in brain regions involved in cognition and metabolism, modulate neurotransmitter release and promote neurogenesis. While preclinical studies consistently demonstrate ...
7 days agoIn the medical field, welcome to acronyms.GLP-1stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, and this is a hormone in the body. When we talk aboutGLP-1sorGLP-1agonists as a medication, this means that these are manufactured substances that cause the same action in the body as the naturally occurring hormone would. Kristen Meinzer: And how doGLP-1s...
Mar 16, 2026This randomized clinical trial of US adults treated with stable doses of glucagon-like peptide-1and/or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists examines the effects on residual gastric volume.
2 days agoIn recent years, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as promising agents for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk reduction in patients with T2DM.
BACKGROUND:GLP-1(glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists and SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors both improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects ofGLP-1receptor agonists on clinical outcomes with and without SGLT2 inhibitors.
TodayA recent study has linkedGLP-1use to a higher risk of bone conditions and gout.
Sep 19, 2025TheGLP-1boom is making people desperate to get the pricey weight-loss drugs. They won't get the real medication in "GLP-1patches," doctors warn.
Jul 1, 2025Learn how to naturally boost yourGLP-1levels to support weight loss, appetite control and blood sugar balance through diet and lifestyle habits.
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Sep 19, 2025GLP-1medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound help control blood sugar and promote weight loss by reducing appetite and slowing digestion. They're typically prescribed for obesity or type 2 diabetes, with potential side effects. Discuss options with a WMCHealth specialist.
Mar 14, 2026Glutamateserves as a potent stimulator ofGLP-1. 223 A decrease in Ruminococcus abundance directly reduces the level ofglutamatein the intestine, thereby inhibiting the synthesis and secretion ofGLP-1.
Both DMG and glutamine alone elicitedGLP-1secretion in GLUTag cells and in vivo, whereas activation ofglutamatedehydrogenase (GDH) was required to stimulate insulin secretion from INS-1 832/13 cells. Pharmacological inhibition in vivo of GDH blocked secretion ofGLP-1in response to DMG.
Meal ingestion provokes the release of hormones and transmitters, which in turn regulate energy homeostasis and feeding behavior. One such hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has received significant attention in the treatment of obesity and ...
GLP-1has been shown to decreaseglutamate-induced calcium current and its influx from voltage-gated calcium channel in hippocampal cell culture (Gilman et al., 2003, Steinlein, 2014).
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is mainly secreted by preproglucagon neurons; it plays important roles in modulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission through its receptors. In the present study, we investigated the effects ofGLP-1on ...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from intestinal L-cells in response to a range of nutrients, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Its potency as an insulin secretagogue has led to pharmaceutical interest in developing strategies to enhanceGLP-1receptor activation in type 2 diabetes.
Both DMG and glutamine alone elicitedGLP-1secretion in GLUTag cells and in vivo, whereas activation ofglutamatedehydrogenase (GDH) was required to stimulate insulin secretion from INS-1 832/13 cells. Pharmacological inhibition in vivo of GDH blocked secretion ofGLP-1in response to DMG.
May 15, 2024Unimolecular integration of NMDA receptor antagonism withGLP-1receptor agonism effectively reverses obesity, hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia in rodent models of metabolic disease.
Jan 20, 2026GLP-1drugs were developed to regulate blood sugar in people with type 2 diabetes. They show promise for weight loss and managing other chronic conditions.
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifaceted hormone with broad pharmacological potential. Among the numerous metabolic effects ofGLP-1are the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, decrease of gastric emptying, inhibition of ...
In this Review, the authors describe the physiology of glucagon-like peptide1(GLP1)andits role in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the currently available and emergingGLP1receptor agonists ...
Sep 18, 2024The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, known asGLP-1R, is a vital component of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is found primarily on the surfaces of various cell types ...
Abstract L-glutamine stimulates glucagon-like peptide1(GLP-1) secretion in human subjects and cell lines. As recent advances have enabled the study of primary GLP-1-releasing L cells, this study aimed to characterize glutamine-sensing pathways in native murine L cells.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) have been shown to mediate cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. However, little is known about their physiological roles on central neurotransmission, especially at the presynaptic level. Using purified synaptosoma …
Glucagon (GCG) like peptide1(GLP-1) has emerged as a powerful player in regulating metabolism and a promising therapeutic target for various chronic diseases. This review delves into the physiological roles ofGLP-1, exploring its impact on ...
Jan 12, 2026GLP-1influences key secretagogues and intracellular mediators (calcium,glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and urocortin-3), with complex roles in insulin exocytosis. Additionally, we discuss the interplay between calcium and cAMP, and howGLP-1modulates both pathways to coordinate insulin secretion.