GLP-1 and Iris Function for Improved Calorie Balance: A Targeted Synthesis
Despite the significant advancements in the field of obesity management, the search for effective therapies remains an active area of research. One such therapy that has garnered attention is the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (RAs) for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this article, we provide a targeted synthesis of recent developments in the field of GLP-1 neurobiology, highlighting studies that have advanced our understanding of how GLP-1 signaling modulates eating, and identify open questions and future challenges that need to be addressed to aid the prevention and/or treatment of obesity.
Modulation of Eating and Energy Balance
Centrally, GLP-1RAs modulate brain regions controlling appetite, influencing neurotransmitter and peptide release to regulate hunger and energy expenditure. GLP-1RAs have been shown to reduce food intake, increase feelings of fullness, and improve glucose homeostasis. Further, these agents have been linked to improved insulin sensitivity and increased pancreatic insulin secretion.
GLP-1 Signaling Pathways
GLP-1 signaling pathways are complex and involve multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Central GLP-1 binds to GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) to exert various effects, including modulation of energy balance, cardiovascular function, learning and memory, rewarding effect of food, and thermogenesis. Peripheral GLP-1 serves as an incretin hormone, increasing postprandial insulin secretion and reducing glucagon levels.
