The Effects of GLP-1 on Energy Expenditure during Fasting
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have emerged as a potent therapy for obesity and related cardiometabolic disorders. GLP-1 is a gastrointestinal peptide that plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism and has been shown to have a significant impact on energy expenditure during fasting.
What is GLP-1?
GLP-1 is a hormone that is secreted by the L cells in the intestine in response to food intake. It is a key player in glucose metabolism and helps to regulate blood sugar levels. GLP-1 has a dual role, acting as an incretin to stimulate insulin secretion and as a neurotransmitter to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis.
The Effects of GLP-1 on Energy Expenditure
During fasting, GLP-1 has been shown to inhibit glucagon secretion from α cells in pancreatic islets, thereby maintaining normoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additionally, GLP-1 stimulates centers controlling appetite in the brain, slowing gastric emptying, and reducing energy intake. This results in an increase in energy expenditure, leading to weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity.
GLP-1 and Fasting: A Review of the Literature
Several studies have investigated the effects of GLP-1 on energy expenditure during fasting. One study found that fasting GLP-1 levels were associated with resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) in overweight and obese adults. Another study showed that GLP-1 receptor agonists improved insulin sensitivity and reduced body weight in patients with T2DM.
